Turbine.



No 768,646. PATENTED AUG. 30, 1904. Y I D. F. ASBURY.

- TURBINE.

' APPLICATION FILED DBO. 31. 1903. N0 MODEL.

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www I [iii/612% 1 I Y 0725 ZC/Ziza No 768,646. PATENTED AUG. 30, 1904.

- D. F. ASBURY.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31. 1903.

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented August 30, 1904.

UNTTED STATES PATE T Trice.

DORSEY F. ASBURY, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 768,646, dated August 30, 1904.

Application filed December 31, 1903- Serial No. 187,300. (No model.)

T 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, DORSEY F. AsBURY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Seattle, in the county of King and State of ashington, have invented new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines; and one object of the invention is to provide a reversible turbine especially adapted for operation by superheated steam, the parts being so organized as to secure the rotation of a driven part in and by such agent.

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic governor which is adaptedto assure a uniform speed of the turbine where the latter is running forward or backward with light, heavy, or variable loads.

The invention includes other objects which will be set forth at length in the following description.

In some respects the present invention is an improvement upon that disclosed by Letters Patent No. 783,119, granted to me July 7, 1903, and to which reference may be had.

The improved steam-turbine is shown in one simple embodiment thereof in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional elevation of the said turbine. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same, the section of Fig. 2

being at right angles to that of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view corresponding to Fig. 1 of the turbine mechanism and supply-valve, the different parts comprising such mechanism being separated. Fig. Lis a detail perspective View of a supplemental or auxiliary blade and the ring which carries the same, the two parts being separated. Fig. 5 is a sectional detail of said two parts shown as united or assembled. Fig. 6 is a face view of a portion of the ring, showing two of the blades in section and two in elevation. Fig. 7 is a top plan view of a portion of said ring and a blade.

Like characters refer to like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The improved turbine is illustrated as including in its construction a pair of disks, as 2 and 3, the disk 2, or that to the right in Figs. 1 and 3, being adapted for rotation in a forward direction, while the. disk 3 is adapted for rotation in an opposite direction. These disks are mounted within a casing L and are separated from each other by a diaphragm or division-piece 5. I have described the disks as being rotary, and in this case the casing 4 will be stationary. Of course this relation can be reversed exactly as contemplated by my said patent. The two disks 2 and 3 are rotative with the shaft 6, which extends centrally through the same, and, if desired, the disk 2 at the right may be made integral with said. shaft. The casing 4 is made in two substantially similar sections of plate form, bolted or otherwise suitably connected together at what is illustrated as their lower ends in a steamtight manner. each disk and the adjacent surfaces of the casing 4 and diaphragm 5 are arranged for the traverse of superheated steam, which steam initially enters the spaces at the common axis of said disks. After the steam passes out of said spaces it enters annular chambers 7 and 8, surrounding the respective disks or spaces.

It will be seen that the chambers 7 and 8, which are of annular form, are of progressively-increasing area toward their top, and theyform, with the spaces between the two disks and the diaphragmor division-piece 5, expansion-chambers. Naturally the upper portions of the plates or sections of the twopart casing-4 are widened or enlarged, as shown at 9 and 10, respectively, 'and such widened portions are adapted to receive an exhaust controlling and reversing valve 11, hereinafter more particularly described.

The lower portion of the diaphragm or division-piece 5 is held fixedly between the plates or sections of the casing 4, from which 'it will be apparent that said diaphragm or division-piece does not rotate. There are, however, oppositely-rotative disks or wheels at opposite sides of said division-piece. Each disk consistsof a central hub. united to the shaft 6, aseries of concentric rings of any desirable number, and impact-blades arranged between the rings and between the innermost ring and the adjacent hub and also out- These rings are imside the outermost ring.

The spaces between perforate. The opposite faces of the diaphragm 5 and the cooperating inner surfaces .of the sections of the casing 1 have curved vanes, which assure the proper passage of 'the superheated steam against the impact- 1 blades of the two disks. Theseimpact-blades and guide-vanes are constructed exactly as illustrated by my hereinbefore-mentioned patent, and hence it is unnecessary to herein repeat such description. It should be stated, however, that the blades on the disk 2 are inclined, respectively, opposite to those of the disk 3, while the cooperating guide-vanes on the stationary diaphragm and inner surface of the casing are so related as to assure the proper course of the steam.

From the foregoing it will be evident that when the steam acts on the disk 2 the shaft- 6 will be driven forward, while when the disk 3 is in action such shaft will be driven oppositely or, as it is considered, reversely.

Into one side of the casing 4 centrally of the two turbine-disks 2 and 3 is fitted the supply-pipe 12 for the superheated steam, the steam which leaves the pipe being adapted to enter and fill both expansion-chambers of the apparatus. The discharge of the steam is controlled by the valve 11, as will hereinafter appear. said valve being so operable as to shut off the exhaust from either chamber. \V hen the exhaust is shut off from one chamber, the steam traverses the other chamber, or the exhaust from both chambers maybe arrested, and when this occurs the motion of both disks is stopped.

The steam from the supply-pipe 12 enters directly the right-hand expansion-chamber and from thence travels through suitable passages or ports, as 13, in the disk 2 and from the latter through the space 13 between the shaft 6 and the wall of the central circular opening in the diaphragm 5, leaving said space 13 and entering the lefthand expansionchamber. Therefore both chambers are always full of fresh steam, and it accordingly follows that by operating the exhaust-valve 11 the turbine can be started quickly in either direction.

The upper portions of the chambers 9 and.

10 have outlets 14: and 15, respectively, adapted alternately to register with ports, as 16 and 1'7, in the exhaust-valve 11. In Fig. 1 the port 16 is shown as being in registration with the outlet 14:, by virtue of which steam will be permitted to traverse the space between the disk 2 and diaphragm 5 and right section of the casing 4 and from said space will enter the annular outwardly-tapering chamber 9, from which latter it escapes from the outlet 14, through the port 16, into the valve 11 and from the latter into the exhaustpipe 18. During this period there is of course live steam in the left expansion-chamber; but as the exhaust-outlet 15 is closed the steam in said left chamber is not effective.

1 the body of the valve.

' the rod 28.

therefore, with the conditions prevailing as just set forth the disk 2 at the right will be driven. When the valve 11 is manipulated to carry the port 16 out of register with the outlet 14 and to bring the port 17 in register with the outlet 15, the opposite result will take placethat is, the disk 3 will be effective only, its impact blades being acted upon by the steam which is permitted to traverse the expansion-chamber and from thence pass into the said valve 11.

The valve 11 is represented as being of cylindrical form, what is shown as the left end thereof being closed, While the right end thereof is open, whereby the latter end is always in register with the entering end of the exhaust or discharge pipe 18, suitably connected with the casing 4;. The closed end of the valve 11 is provided With a stud or spindle 19, rotatively supported by the sleeve 21 and suitably fixedly carrying at its outer end the hand lever or crank 20, by which the valve can be readily manipulated.

The exhaust-controlling valve 11 is rotative in a sleeve 21, set into the casing 4, the stud or stud-shaft 19 being carried by and bearing upon said sleeve. It will therefore be apparent that I control the direction of operation of the turbine by an exhaust-controlling valve, which valve is also utilized to stop and start the said turbine.

The ports 16 and 17 are shown formed in A cylindrical valve has been described as capable of efficiently controlling the exhaust, whereby the direction of motion of the turbine can be governed. Valves of radically different types, however, may be employed with equal advantage.

I provide in connection with the supply-pipe 12, which opens into the casing t, a governoroperable supply-controlling valve, and the supply-controlling valve and the governor mechanism are compactly arranged and consist of few parts, all movable with the shaft 6, whereby unnecessary friction is avoided. The shaft 6 is hollow for a portion of its length and is apertured or has a cavity at its cone right end to receive the supply-controlling valve 22, the Working portion of which is of tapered form. Said valve 22 is rigid with the reciprocative rod 23, inclosed in the bore of the shaft. A slot intersects said bore near the outer end of the shaft, and a transverse strip or cross-piece 2 passes through the slot and also through a slot in the outer end of The opposite ends of the transverse strip or cross-piece 24 have studs or .pins 25 playing freely in notches in the short arms of the weighted angular governor-levers 26, fulcrumed upon suitable bearings carried by the casing 27 within the same. This casing is shown as housing the governor-levers 26, so as to protect the same and the other parts of the governor from dust and the action of Naturally, l other objectionable matter.

The inner portion of the sleeve rotates in a bushing 29, set in a hub in what is shown as the left-section of the casing 4. The inner end of the sleeve 28 abuts solidly against the disk 3, while the latter in turn abuts solidly against an annular shoulder on, the shaft 6, near the inner end of the latter.

The outer section of the casing 27 has an internally-threaded hub or boss 30, the threads 'of which are adapted to engage external threads near the outer end of the shaft 6. By turning the threaded hub or boss 30 onto the shaft 6 the sleeve 28 will of course be moved inward, so as to press solidly against the disk 3 and in turn force said disk solidly against the cooperating shoulder on the shaft 6.

It will be understood that the two-part casing 27 and its inclosed parts rotate with the shaft 6. A portion of the sleeve 28 extends within the casing 27 and is of two diameters, thereby producing a shoulder against which the inner end of the coiled spring 31 bears, the outer end of said spring bearing against the stepped band or ring 32, surrounding the slotted portion of the shaft 6. There are two series of steps in the band or ring in transverse alinement with each other, and two steps of each series are adapted simultaneously to receive the transverse strip 24. By turning the band or ring 32 the said transverse strip may be seated in two other steps, so as to either increase or decrease the tension of the coiled spring 31 and correspondingly regulate the speed of the turbine either forward or backward and whether running under a light or heavy load.

On the operation of either of the disks 2 or 3 and when the same exceeds a certain speed the balls of the governor-levers 26 are thrown outward bycentrifugal force, thereby forcing the rod 23, through the levers 26 and cross piece 24, inward or toward the right and imparting a corresponding movement to the supply-valve 22 to arrest the volume of the incoming steam. During this action the spring 31 is of course compressed, and when the normal speed is reached, due to the control of the steam by the inlet or supply valve, said spring by expanding will return the governor-levers, through the intermediate parts, to their initial positions.

The stationary diaphragm or dividingpiece 5 contains a chamber 33 nearly of annular form and extending from the vicinity of the axis of the shaft 6 to near the periphery of said diaphragm. The chamber 33 constitutes an air-space and prevents transmission of the heat from the non-working side to the working side of said diaphragm. I have stated that the chamber 33 is nearly annular, Between the two opposite ends of the parti-annular chamber is the passage 34, which isdisposed radially of and within the diaphragm 5," one end of said passage 34 being adapted alternately to register with passages upon the periphery of the cylindrical valve 11, while the 1 opposite end of said passage opens into'the f transverse port or annular chamber 13' for apurpose that will hereinafter appear.

On the inner side of the valve 11 are formed the bosses 35 and 36, having upon their outer sides by-pass passages, (each denoted by 37 and adapted alternately to register with the o radial passage 34 in thediaphragm In Fig. 1 one end of the by-pass passage 37 is shown as opening into the chamber 10, while the other end thereof opens into the outer end of the passage 34, thereby putting said passage and chamber into communication, the outlet 14 at this time being wide open, while the outlet 15 is closed by the solid portion of the valve 11. \Vit-h the parts in such relation the disk 2 will be driven by the impact of the steam against its blades. The passages 37, in connection with the passage 34, provide alternately for the circuit of the steam through what is for the time being the ineflective or dead steam chamber of the casing. With the parts in Fig. 1 the chamber at the left would be the ineffective chamber. In this condition the steam would pass from the chamber 10 to the by-pass passage 37, passage 34, space or port 13, and again to the chamber 10, thereby to avoid resistance to the ready operation of the turbine when the same is moving in a forward direction. When the turbine is moving reversely, the outlet 15 will be opened by the manipulation of the valve, which brings what is shown as the upper by-pass passage 37 into registration with the outer end of the passage 34, the port or outlet 14 being simultaneously closed. The steam would then leave the chamber 9 and enter the by-pass passage 37, passing from the latter to the passage 34 and entering the space 13,and, passing through the ports 13, will enter the expansion-chamber 9 at the right, so as to avoid resistance to the action of the turbine in a reverse direction.

Preferably superheated steam is employed, and it will be obvious that by closing the exhaust from one of the expansion-chambers of the turbine the engine will be driven in one direction, while the opposite result will take place if the exhaust is cut off from the other expansion-chamber; but in each case the ineffective or non-working disk or wheel of the turbine runs more freely in'superheated steam than it would in the atmosphere, as the frictional resistance of such medium to a revolving disk is one-quarter as much as that of the atmosphere or other mediums.

Under normal conditions both the outlets 14 and 15 will be closed.

Should it be desired of the valve 11. Should it be desired to operate the turbine in a reverse direction, the outlet 15 is opened wide and the outlet 14 closed, the governor mechanism in each case assuring the proper action of the apparatus. The turbine at any time may be reversed as to its direction of rotation.

In the Letters Patent hereinbefore mentioned I have shown certain auxiliary impactblades, and in the present case said impactblades are made so as to be more readily accessible and more cheaply made, as well as possessing other advantages which it is not necessary to state.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the central diaphragm or dividing-piece 5, the two disks 2 and 3, and the two sections of the casing as separated from each other. I will now describe in detail the disk 2, (shown at the right in said Fig. 3,) it being evident that the other one is of practically the sameconstruction, except of course as to the disposition of the impactblades. The disk 2 includes in its make-up a central hub 37 and a series of concentric rings 38, surrounding the same, the rings being united to each other by angularly-disposed impact-blades and being connected with the central hub 37' by similar impact-blades, the course of the steam against said blades being governed by guide-vanes formed upon the diaphragm 5 and sections of the casing 4:, respectivel y, such guide-vanes being of the same construction as those set forth in the said Letters Patent. The concentric rings 38 are imperforate and are of approximately segmental form in cross-section, the apex of each ring being annularly channeled or recessed to receive a supplemental ring or web 39, which latter may be riveted or otherwise suitably secured in place. The outer surface of the ring 39 is substantially flush with the rounded surface of the carrying-ring 38.

To the auxiliary ring or web 39 are connected the auxiliary impact-blades 40. Each blade &0 (see Figs. 4: to 7, inclusive) consists of a long piece of steel. To make the same, I take a flat piece of steel and plane it toward its lower edge until such lower edge is of practically knife form. I then run the blade through a 'roller and turn the sharpened edge back, as shown in Fig. 6, whereby the said sharpened edge is presented to the steam, so as not to retard the same. The guide-vanes, each denoted by 41 and some of which are shown in Fig. 2, are also beveled along their inner edges for the same purpose. The inner end of said blade 40 has a tenon 42 set into a mortise 4:3 in the auxiliary ring or web 38, the rear of the mortise being widened or slightly outwardly flared, as shown most clearly-in Fig. i. After the tenon a2 is placed in the mortise i3 the butt-end of the tenon is hammered down flush, or approximately so, with the inner surface of the ring 38. blades when assembled in the manner set The forth cannot work loose in any direction, and they are readily replaceable. There is no handwork or hard irregular milling. The blades are strong, as they are made of rolled steel or common steel in the direction of the grain of the metal.

Those guide-vanes opposite the auxiliary blades 4:1 are annularly recessed or channeled, as shown in Fig. 3, to receive the revolving blades; but the recesses do not extend through the plates or sections of the casing 4:.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two communicating chambers, oppositely-rotative turbine-disks in said chambers, the casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of the chambers, and a valve arranged to arrest the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber.

2. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the easing into two communicating chambers, each having an outlet, oppositely-rotative turbinedisks in said chambers, the casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of the chambers, and a tubular valve having ports arranged to alternately register with said outlets.

3. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the easing into two communicating chambers, each chamber having an outlet, oppositely-rotative turbine-disks in said chambers, the casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of the chambers, and a cylindrical valve having ports in its body arranged to alternately register with said outlets, the solid portion of the body closing one outlet while the other outlet is open.

4:. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the easing into two communicating chambers, said diaphragm having a passage adapted to communicate at one end with at least one of the chambers, and a valve arranged to arrest the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber, the valve having a by-pass passage arranged to communicate with one chamber and simultaneously with said passage while the exhaust is passing from the other chamber.

5. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two communicating chambers, the diaphragm having, a passage communicatlng with each of said.

chambers at one end, and a valve arranged to, arrest the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber, said valve having by-pass passages arranged to connect in alternation one of said chambers and the outer end of said first-mentioned passage.

6. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two communicating chambers having outlets, oppositely-rotative turbine-disks in said chambers, the casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of the chambers, a cylindrical valve closed at one end, the body of the valve having ports arranged to alternately register with said outlets, and a discharge or exhaust pipe for the steam leading from the casing, the open end of the said valve being in register with the entering end of said discharge or exhaust pipe.

7. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the easing into two communicating chambers, said diaphragm having an interior air-space for insulating the chambers from each other, the said casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of the chambers, and a valve arranged to arrest the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber.

8. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two communicating chambers, each having an outlet, said casing having aparti-annular air-space for insulating the chambers from each other and also having a radial passage communicating at its inner end with one of said chambers, the outer end of the passage opening into the periphery of the diaphragm, and said passage being located between the ends of said partiannular air-space, and a valve having ports arranged to alternately register with said outlets, the valve also having a by-pass passage to connect one of said chambers with said firstmentioned passage.

9. In aturbine, a casing, a diaphragm in the casing separating the same into two chambers, the diaphragm having a central opening to put said chambers into communication, a shaft extending through said central opening, a pair of oppositely rotative turbine disks in said chambers, one of the disks having a port for the passage of steam from its chamber through said circular opening, and a valve to arrest the exhaust from either chamber, and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber.

10. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two communicating chambers, oppositely-rotative turbine-disks in said chambers, the casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of the .other chamber.

chambers, a common supporting-shaft for said disks, a supply-controlling valve for the inlet, carried by the shaft, a governor for controlling the valve, also carried by the shaft, and a valve adapted to arrest the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber.

11. In a turbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two communicating chambers, each having an outlet, oppositely-rotativeturbine-disks in said chambers, the casing having an inlet for steam opening into one of thechambers, and a valve arranged to arrest the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the other chamber and for also simultaneously cutting off the exhaust from both chambers. V

12. In a turbine, a disk including in its make-u p a hub, a plurality of concentric rings,

impact-blades between the rings and hubs respectively, auxiliary rings, thefirst-mentioned rings being recessed to receive the auxiliary rings, and the latter being secured rigidly in place, auxiliary impact-blades, each having a sharpened edge and a tenon, and the auxiliary rings having mortises to receive said tenons, and the inner ends of the mortises being widened, andthe corresponding ends of the tenons being compressed to fill the said widened portions.

13. In aturbine, a casing, a diaphragm separating the interior ofthe casing into two communicatingchambers, oppositely-rotative turbine members in said chambersmeans for supplying steam to one of the chambers, and means for arresting the exhaust from either chamber and simultaneously permitting the exhaust from the other chamber.

14. In aturbine, acasing, adiaphragm separating the interior of the casing into two chambers, oppositely-rotative turbine-disks in said chambers, means for supplying steam to said chambers, and a single valve arranged to arrest the exhaust from either chamberand simultaneously to permit the exhaust from the In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- IVitnesses: E. G. SHORROCK, J. O. A. SMITH. 

